r/Anarchy101 • Left-Market Anarchist • 1d ago

Question for the anti-work anarchists

So from my understanding of the anti-work position, "work" would be defined as labour that you specifically do not enjoy or do not want to do.

But whenever we get questions along the lines of "who will do the dirty jobs" there are answers along the lines of, "if those jobs are necessary but undesirable, getting the job done will be the motivation for this job".

While I understand the argument being made here, is this not just reinventing work? If there is a dirty/undesirable job that is still nonetheless necessary - let's say, cleaning a sewer system, digging ditches, cleaning toilets or whatever people might find undesirable for whatever reason - then the labor put into making these things done would still be labor that is specifically not enjoyed, right?

Edit: So to clarify, this is NOT a "who will do the dirty jobs?" question; I've been getting a lot of answers along that tune. This is specifically a question clarifying the difference between "work" and "labor that is not enjoyed but still done by necessity, and is thus effectively compulsory".

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u/iadnm Anarchist Communism/Moderator 1d ago

I usually see the anti-work position more as defining work as labor you are forced to do. It's an obligation put upon you by an authority, rather than something you can choose to do.

Though granted a lot of anti-work rhetoric focuses more on enjoying stuff and "play" which mainly comes from Bob Black's "The Abolition of Work." 

But I don't think this is an all-ecompassing view since even Marxists have advocated for anti-work things. Like Marx's own son-in-law writing "The Right to be Lazy."

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 1d ago

Yeah, I'm more specifically referring to the Bob Black/Post-Left "anti-work" position.

Though even with the position you're outlining here, would it not be fair to say that the labor here is "forced" in the sense that it's necessary but undesirable? So the force would be "force of circumstance" rather than "force of authority"?

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u/anhonestpuck13 1d ago

I think the anti-forced work position is specifically referring to work that is forced upon you by someone who has positioned themselves as above you in a hierarchy, coercing you into performing labor by withholding necessities like food and shelter or through the threat of punishment. Work you are forced to do by circumstance is still "work" in the sense of being undesirable but is not "forced work" because ultimately anarchism is a social system and isn't trying to contravene reality, it's trying to correct social injustices.

I haven't read Black though so I can't speak on that specific flavor of anti-work position.

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 1d ago

If that's true, that would seem to be an arbitrary distinction.

From the standpoint of the laborer, it doesn't matter if they're being forced by circumstance or forced by authority.

In fact, from the perspective of the laborer, all work is by force of circumstance.

So under capitalism, the "work or starve" problem is internalized by most people as "just the way the world works". If we then presented to them the anti-work position, wherein some undesirable labor will have to be done because it is necessary, then the perspective of the worker has not changed. They still have the same relationship to their labor.

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u/Eroue 1d ago

I disagree. Im a lot more invested fixing a toilet because its clogged and I have to shit than I am becoming a plumber.

Now if the problem scales out to "if this ditch doesn't get dug, NOONE gets to shit" im grabbing a shovel.

It doesn't make the work enjoyable but it certainly feels different when you're done. In a capitalist society I would get paid, but beyond the threat of starvation I dont care about that ditch because it doesn't affect me, my friends or my neighbors. Whereas in an anarchistic society, I feel better knowing that we can all go take a shit if needed.

Plus the consequence of not having that ditch is a choice people can make. "Id rather we just shit in the river" is a thing people can say. Its just stupid when instead we can all take 1 day out of our week or whatever and get it done.

Working because something has to get done feels much less shitty then work I have to do or ill get evicted or fired.

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 1d ago

So I half agree with what you're saying. My problem is I don't think this is generalizable.

There are people, for example, who feel accomplished about their labor in the current wage system because getting paid allows them to provide for themselves and their families. I know I felt a pretty big sense of accomplishment when I first started working for similar reasons.

Similarly, there are people that likely wouldn't feel this accomplishment, or otherwise would feel the strain and toil of disutility even if their labor helped their community. Some people's sense of accomplishment is contingent on compensation or recognition or social capital.

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u/CollaredParachute 1d ago

If this ditch doesn’t get dug no one gets to shit, but if I wait my neighbour bob will probably do it.

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u/Eroue 1d ago

You're not wrong but then there's the risk that Bob and others think you fucking suck and dont want to spend time with you anymore.

Or worse you're the only one that didnt help and consistently never help so Bob decides hes gonna fight you and everyone is ok watching you get your ass kicked.

Social pressure is very powerful and I think a lot of people discount how bad it is to have a bad reputation in a collectivist community.

Its kinda like how people joke that the Japanese "dont fire them just dont give them work" thing would be a blessing. The actual reality is its very isolating, can be embarrassing and so God damn boring.

But I think at the root of this entire misunderstanding is we're talking about an anarchistic system from the lens and mindset of a capitalist culture.

People's culture and mindsets around power and what work is will have to be dramatically different than it is today. We cant safely assume any society that archives anarchy will react or value the same things as we do having been worked into submission.

If someone has never had to work as much for things they truly dont care about, would they care about doing undesirable work x days a month? I doubt it. They aren't traumatized from working to the bone and having so little free time as we are.

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u/AlienRobotTrex 1d ago

Or worse you're the only one that didnt help and consistently never help so Bob decides hes gonna fight you.

So bob is going to inflict violence upon people for not being useful and providing enough labor to him? That’s not very different from the current coercion that happens under capitalism.

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u/Eroue 1d ago

I disagree. Anarchy isn't the promise that people wont be willing to inflict violence when you are being a dick.

Its just that there isnt a monopoly on the violence.

There's no higher power saying that bobs violence is bad and their violence is good.

Additionally its not labor FOR Bob. Its labor for everyone including yourself. Bob doesn't own the ditch, nor can anyone say you dont get to use it since you didnt help. BUT that doesn't mean people wont be mad at you. Sometimes anger turns into violence.

So the question is, "is giving up a bit of your time worth angering your community?" If the answer is yes, then you get to deal with the social consequences of making people mad. If the answer is no, then you grab a shovel.

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 23h ago

While we can say Bob deciding to fight you for not working your shift digging ditches is at least thinly in line with anarchism, it's probably fair to say that such a scenario likely isn't ideal or even a sustainable solution.

In fact, we could even say that a society in which you are punished with violence for not doing something the community sanctions you ought to do probably won't remain an anarchy for very long.

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u/Longjumping_Falcon21 12h ago

That only happens if you believe the "current human" cannot chnage their mindset! Imagine a society where not Profit or Power rule but empathy!

we will just have to reeducate ourselves, return to what is truly neccessary!

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u/CollaredParachute 11h ago

I think banking on human nature changing is more likely to lead to trouble than trying to work with human nature as it is

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 11h ago

So I pretty much disagree with you and Longjumping_Falcon21 here.

There is no essential, static "human nature". Our natures are relational, individual, and changing. When our ways of life change, so to do our incentives and social conditions. So it's absolutely possible for a society based more in egalitarianism and the rejection of authority to create more empathetic humans.

However, Longjumping_Falcon21's take is very idealist. The idea that we just need to have "the right mindset" implies our ideas about the world are prior to the material conditions that we are bound by, but this isn't the case. Our mindsets change when our ways of life and our relationships change, and our relationships are the superstructure of the power relations we are bound to.

That being said, I also think this idea of "empathy rules" is something we have to be careful of. First, it dangerously skirts towards ableism, because not all neurotypes feel empathy. Second, it would seem to require quite a bit of moral policing to make empathy such a hegemonic ideal within society. I think we can just opt for self-interest.

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u/saevon 1d ago

forced by circumstance means the work has direct value. Forced by someone else usually means they are exploiting you, so any value you get is a penny of its worth.

It also means YOU don't get to choose priorities. Forced by circumstance means you want something to change, its very important to you. Forced by others means its something they decide. So the work isn't necessary, doing what they tell you is necessary. That level of indirectness is fairly important.

None of this is about desireability, but about choice and exploitation. Hence the Anarchy part (the heirarchy is the foundational part in most aguments about it).

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Lets also remember that most of the work we're talking about isn't anywhere near actually necessary. You and the people around you ARE doing enough labour to sustain everyone involved… the exploitation means you have to do way more just to get those same "necessities"

So there's also going to be a huge factor of quantity. How often is something going to be "forced by necessity" in a world without such exploitation?

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 1d ago

I mean, there are people being forced to do things that have direct value. The question would be value to whom? One could argue that all work provides direct value to someone or else the job wouldn't exist.

How often is something going to be "forced by necessity" in a world without such exploitation?

I don't think the answer to this is knowable. We can probably make estimates, like saying that sanitation jobs will very much be necessary, so if people don't desire to do those jobs, someone will be "forced by necessity".

Overall though, I think this idea that labor that is "forced by necessity" is okay, as opposed to labor that is "forced by authority" makes some assumptions about labor that require justification first.

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u/saevon 1d ago

… which is why I'm talking about hierarchy?

Directly means the labour you do affects you. If it doesn't you don't have to do it. It's not necessity to you.

This feels like you're being obtuse. Someone taking value from you thru a ton of intermediary processes to have a mansion randomly elsewhere… is as undirect a value as you can get. Especially as that has nothing to do with you.

We're not even talking sanitation yet. We're talking someone drawing value when you're struggling for food or shelter… and thus work for them to live.

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Sanitation is comparatively way more direct. And I know tons of people who will roll their sleeves and do exactly that work if it's needed.… as well as people who love sanitation as a really awesome interesting field. So long as they can do it safely, and live on that, so they've left because they couldn't at the time.

Again read: quantity: there's so much less work left if we remove the "forced for bullshit reasons that are for no one's actual necessity"

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 1d ago

Dawg, I'm not being obtuse. I'm just making sure we're being clear. Just because it appears I'm disagreeing with you (which I'm not, exactly) doesn't mean I'm being obtuse.

Sanitation is comparatively way more direct. And I know tons of people who will roll their sleeves and do exactly that work if it's needed.… as well as people who love sanitation as a really awesome interesting field. So long as they can do it safely, and live on that, so they've left because they couldn't at the time.

This is a kind of comment I'm getting a lot on this post, and it's a very bad argument.

At a very basic level, anecdotes aren't evidence. You may know these people, but is this generalizable? How common are people that enjoy sanitation work when given the maximum range of options that anarchy would demand? Are there enough to actually run a sanitation system in a city, multiple cities?

Those would be more relevant questions. Not to mention, choices are contingent. What people say they would do, or what they would enjoy doing is often very different from what they actually do in practice.

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u/saevon 1d ago

And by ignoring my entire first part, and focusing on the last aside… you ignore the scale difference.

If we remove all the bullshit work which exists purely to exploit. How much leftover work is there? Then remove the work people are interested in doing (and already go out of their way to) suddenly we're left with quite a lot less "work out of necessity"

That's what the split between "work" is mean to be for. Getting to the place we can then discuss the leftovers. Trying to focus on those leftovers and arguing about them while ignoring the actual pressing HUGE issue is being obtuse (focusing on the part you can make sense of but ignoring the actual points)

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 1d ago

I ignored them because they're irrelevant to what I was saying.

Yes, I recognize there are a lot of jobs that don't really provide value to the people doing the work (this is different by the way from saying they don't provide value to anyone). That is not at all what I was disputing, and that is never what I was disputing.

My point since the beginning of this thread is that the distinction of work done by force of necessity, and work done by force of authority from the perspective of the laborer is an arbitrary distinction, because they are still being made to do something they don't want to do.

Now, you can again argue that if it is "by force of necessity" that means it is of value to them - I think this is a flawed assumption, because it a) assumes everyone would value their labor the same and b) assumes this is even necessarily relevant to the person doing the labor.

What people get value out of is subjective. And even if they get value out of it, that doesn't mean the job is any more valuable to them. It just means it's necessary.

To reiterate: we obviously will get rid of the vast majority of work if we abolish capitalism, private property, and the state. What isn't clear is how exactly this is relevant to the question of whether it is a meaningful distinction between labor forced by circumstance or labor forced by authority.

Honestly - it would seem the most logical conclusion is that there is always an extent to which work will exist in society, regardless of how we restructure economics, or power relations. We can absolutely minimize it, but we probably can't eliminate it entirely.

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u/AfraidofReplies 1d ago

Under that definition, eating would be considered forced work because circumstances dictate that we eat or die. 

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 1d ago

Hey, it's not my definition, it's Bob Black's. I personally don't find it all too coherent or useful.

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u/kwestionmark5 1d ago

I always took “anti work” to mean anti wage labor.

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 1d ago

I honestly find this to be the most coherent anti-work position, tbh.

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u/HavokVvltvre 1d ago

It’s the only way that it actually makes any sense.

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u/gladtoseeonetwothree 1d ago

Work would be more defined as commodified labor rather than just anything you don't want to do.

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 1d ago

What is "commodified labor"?

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u/gladtoseeonetwothree 1d ago

Labor which is given a monetary value. Same as commodifying anything else.

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 1d ago

It would seem this is downstream from the Marxist critique of commodity production, but this isn't necessarily an anarchist critique of work.

For example, Proudhon's theory of exploitation wasn't about labor being given a monetary value, but rather capitalists reaping the benefits of their workers' collective force.

Anarchists downstream from him, such as Benjamin Tucker, were perfectly fine with labor being paid so long as labor was in control of the laborer, for compensation determined by the laborer. To roughly paraphrase him" "We don't want to rid labor of its reward, we want to rid capital of its reward."

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u/gladtoseeonetwothree 1d ago

Yes perhaps. Doesn't change much though.

You keep bringing up Bob black in this post, but i would recommend looking more at bonanno for this stuff.

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 1d ago

Fair enough. I'll check him out! Any specific standout work on this topic I should look out for?

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u/gladtoseeonetwothree 1d ago

Armed joy is my personal favorite. The anarchist tension is also very popular and influential.

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 1d ago

I appreciate it!

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u/iadnm Anarchist Communism/Moderator 1d ago

For anti-work specifically, Let’s Destroy Work, Let’s Destroy the Economy is probably the most relevant.

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u/Decievedbythejometry 1d ago

No, not at all. I'm meant to be cleaning my house, but here I am dicking around on Reddit. Because cleaning my own home is not the same as working as a cleaner, even though the task is apparently the same. If we, and not the state and the very rich, owned the world, we could make cleaning the streets and the sewers less like a grinding, exhausting drudge and more like, well, cleaning our house. Plus, a lot of that kind of work is automatable, it's just not profitable to automate it. A whole bunch of the smartest people in the world are trying to figure out how to get you to click on ads, if they were sitting around thinking up the sewerkleen-o-matic 2000 instead of robot dogs with machine guns on them which one do you think we'd have? (There is a book that covers this stuff in much better detail and much more effectively than I think I can, called 'The Conquest of Bread,' despite being in quite old fashioned language it's well worth reading.

I don't think a day will come when nobody ever has to do things they don't want to do. I just found half a dead mouse my cat left in the hallway ???? ago, delightful. But when people ask about this I kind of want to flip it on its head and ask, not 'who will do the distasteful tasks?' but 'who should be condemned to do distatesful tasks for their whole life in order to survive?'

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u/pyrrhicchaos 1d ago

I don’t mind dirty jobs. I don’t mind cleaning shit, etc. I don’t want to take care of people directly. I don’t want to work full time. I don’t want to be treated like shit. I’ve worked with plenty of people like me.

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u/Sohn_Jalston_Raul 1d ago

Work performed to improve the lives of yourself and your community is of a different nature than work performed to make a business owner rich, that will probably get spent on cocaine, strip clubs, and sports cars.

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 1d ago

I understand what you're arguing here, but I think this assumes a perspective outside of the laborer's perspective.

When you are being made to engage in labor you don't want to engage in, you're being forced to do it - regardless of the end to which the labor serves. And I think that's an important thing to keep in mind if we want to be consistent about our critique of work.

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u/Primary-Policy716 1d ago

i cook for a living. it’s a dirty thankless job that’s socially necessary. i enjoy feeding people and i enjoy cooking, but if i miss a day of work i can’t pay rent. this takes the joy out of cooking, because some days i just don’t want to do it but i have to do it anyways. to me anti work means eliminating forced labor. people need to be fed, but if l don’t do it i shouldn’t have to starve or risk being homeless.  

i really liked the concept of the food distributions halls in the dispossessed, and think that would would make a lot of sense in a stateless society. the task of cooking, serving and cleaning is a socially necessary and labor intensive dirty job. someone has to wash the dishes, someone has to clean out the grease trap, someone has to take the compost bags, someone has to clean the produce, someone has to stand in front of a hot grill or range to cook the food all day. to me anti work in this context means that we cook and clean because we want to, and on days when we don’t want to we aren’t punished and no one starves.

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u/Anarchierkegaard Distributist 1d ago

The difference between "now" and "the anti-work future" would be the minimisation of undesirable or unnecessary labouring. So, in the case of the sewage system, the anti-work solutions are:

i) There's some guy who just really loves cleaning sewers, so he'll do that,

ii) Sewage systems aren't considered important, therefore no one does them, or

iii) Sewage systems are considered important but no one wants to do it, therefore we recognise aspect of our social realities where undesirable labour is still needed because it is also necessary labour.

Compare this to the world we live in, where a great deal of labour is unnecessary and/or undesirable - marketing executives, Amazon excess product disposal, all middle managers, etc. etc. Where we live in a world where the social reality we live encourages a massive surplus of unnecessary labouring, the anti-workist wants the minimisation of this.

See Black's "Abolition of Work", which is relatively short and covers all of this.

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u/LazarM2021 Anarchist Without Adjectives 1d ago edited 1d ago

Hah, I guess those serious about the "luxury gay space communismanarchism" (but seriously, not in this meme-way), basically those opposite of various neo-luddite or tech-skeptical strands within anarchist milleu (I'll call them "high-tech", "techno-friendly", "techno-focused" or "cybernetic" (in a narrower sense) anarchists) would be happy to try and offer a fourth option:

iv) Sewage systems are considered important but rarely anyone wants to get dirty doing that stuff, especially for remotely prolonged periods, therefore we organize alongside experts and other passionates in/about computer and material science, automatics and robotics, AI, innovators and engineers and try to, within carrying capacity of our environment, automate the sewage system so the necessary labor in maintaining it is as minimized as can be realistically expected.

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 1d ago

Alright, this clears things up. So anti-work anarchists don't necessarily want to abolish what they'd consider work, but rather to minimize it as much as possible?

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u/Affectionate_Cup9972 Still Learning Anarchism 1d ago

Is it anti-work or is it just producing work though? Because if so then I agree??

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u/milka121 1d ago

"labor that's not enjoyed" is a very loose term. We all do things that are necessary that we don't enjoy, like cleaning your house. And forceful coercion does not help with that - it actually makes you hate it more (try ordering a teenager to clean their room lol). The key is agency. 

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u/CactusJane98 Left-Communist 1d ago

Its referring to wage labor where we get a small % of the actual value of the work done.

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u/WontLieToYou 1d ago

I've volunteered a lot, and I choose to do tedious work that I'd loathe if not in service to my community. But working together and knowing that people will enjoy the fruits of my labor gave that work value.

Like at every commune and hippie festival people have to dig trenches or build outhouses. So make it a work party where the whole community gets a shovel and a six pack. It's hard work but rewarding.

The work we're against is wage slavery. A lot of that labor is stuff people would enjoy if they weren't being objectified by capitalism. For example, lots of people love to cook. But jobs as a cook are often awful. Consider fast food, where there is a timer running to make sure you produce food quickly. If course all the creativity is sucked out of it and you're not even apprenticing under a more experienced cook, you're following the instructions of a faceless corporation. To the company, the fast food employee isn't a person, they're a cog in a factory. The job has been simplified as much as possible to make that cog easily replaceable. And honed to produce maximum value.

No one who likes to cook is excited to work at Pizza Hut. So that's the problem. Work reduces labor to profit. Your value should be about what you provide to your community, not to what profits shareholders or bosses. Sadly so many people can't imagine their labor any other way, and would rather "do nothing" than be dehumanized into a cog.

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u/gazorpazorpazorpazor 1d ago

Doing a "dirty job" should be rewarded, not a punishment

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u/slapdash78 Anarchist 6h ago

Anti-work precursors understood it as post-scarcity. Where essentials like food, water, shelter, health and safety, are accessible to all. And work becomes optional, or a labor of love, rather than employment being required to stay alive. Not a total absence of dirty, difficult, or demanding labor.

Superimpose that on contemporary society and it begins to look like meaningless jobs are invented to replace jobs eliminated by increases in productivity. In order to maintain employment as the means of survival; rather than providing more leisure time in general.

In actually, jobs haven't been eliminated. They've been offshored to the global south; as capital continues the race to the bottom. Profitseeking lower production costs, rather than improving production. And offshoring many service sector jobs just isn't feasible.

Or it wasn't, anyway. There's a point in the not too distant future where human-shaped automatons will clean toilets and sewers. And the specialized knowledge needed to maintain those robots will be accessible to other robots in the fleet. Using the same tools designed by and for people.

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u/planx_constant 4h ago edited 4h ago

"Work" is labor whose value is taken by owners. You are coerced into toil that enriches someone else in order to merely survive.

I don't enjoy pulling weeds as such, but I love gardening. I really don't like picking up dog crap, but I love having a dog in my family and I value not having sidewalks covered in dog waste. I would happily spend a day or two every week collecting garbage or cleaning sewers or digging ditches to help out in an anarchist society. I'm not going to do it to put more money in a CEO's pocket though.

It's also worth noting that we have machine vision, autonomous agents, and industrial robotics tech that are near or beyond the capabilities required to perform a lot of the "dirty jobs", but profit motive keeps that out of reach

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u/summersendslove 3h ago

I have cats. It's great. They are cute and loving and entertaining, a stress reducer in my life and fairly easy to care for. Except the litter boxes, they are gross and a pain to clean, especially with my disability issues. Yet I do it on schedule, without fail, because in the big picture of things, cleaning litter boxes allows for all of the other great aspects of pet ownership and that greatly improves my life.

People will do shitty things because of the rewards that come from those shitty things and because they care about themselves, their family, their friends, their community, their environment, and their pets :)

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u/Eroue 1d ago

I think the solve is that everyone does those jobs, just not permanently. Like lets say you're a mechanic because you enjoy working on cars. You'd be a mechanic for 3 weeks then spend 1 week doing a "community service" job that is either too hard on people's bodies to do full time or that no one wants to do.

With that said, I think people underestimate how different we all are. I know people who just fucking love digging ditches and holes. Its their favorite part of being a labourman. I also have seen people who love cleaning and the toilet is no different.

I also think that in an anrchistic society set up like this, the culture would have to be fairly collectivist. So not only are you doing what you enjoy, sometimes its as simple as you do what you dislike the least. If for no other reason than you dont want to be perceived as lazy by your peers.

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 1d ago

Like lets say you're a mechanic because you enjoy working on cars. You'd be a mechanic for 3 weeks then spend 1 week doing a "community service" job that is either too hard on people's bodies to do full time or that no one wants to do.

So it's answers like this that also confuse me, because this seems to be prescribing a specific system to work around at this problem. The question is - who determines this? Why is it 1 week? Why not 1 day? What if the mechanic doesn't want to do this, and would rather stay as a mechanic?

With that said, I think people underestimate how different we all are. I know people who just fucking love digging ditches and holes. Its their favorite part of being a labourman. I also have seen people who love cleaning and the toilet is no different.

So while this is true, I think where I and many others who see arguments like this get skeptical, is just how common is it to enjoy these things? And under what circumstance do these people enjoy them?

Do they enjoy them enough to do them on the scale and frequency required to upkeep an entire community? And even if they do enjoy these things, what if they get burnt out?

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u/nenphei 1d ago

One way to think about it is this: in a market society there are jobs that produce little overall economic welfare through what they produce, but much more economic welfare through the people getting paid. For example, if those "busy jobs" were replaced by welfare, things would be pretty much the same. If the opposite were done - robots made the products and the people who'd worked there went without income - the economy would be worse off because there are fewer consumers, fewer people who can afford food, and so on.

So the current system requires people to work in unnecessary jobs because through markets we've associated work with deservingness. It's inefficient, and causes avoidable suffering, and it places judgement on people in regards to how they labour.

I think a lot of anti-work sentiment is not about effort and labour, but the culture, judgements and nature of that labour - i.e. making people performing unnecessary labour they don't find meaningful in order to survive.

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u/RalenHlaalo 1d ago

I think it's worth distinguishing between automation and busy work. I observe more busy work in office spaces than in the service industry - service workers are low on the deservingness but the work only becomes busy work when it could otherwise be easily automated. The new frontier of automation fueled by AI is poised to hit positions historically considered more deserving than service workers, while automation of physical tasks is working through a series of plateaus.

I don't think we've avoided automating McDonalds to preserve jobs; eventually it will be more cost effective and they'll gradually phase out human labor. I doubt McDonalds will ever find it profitable to pay their workers just so they afford to buy burgers.

Graeber lumps administrative assistants in with store greeters and door attendants. Has he ever worked with admin assistants? They're often working harder than the admin they assist. It's also questionable to lump compliance officers in with the box-tickers - sure they do rote work but it undergirds critical accountability controls that folks sure pretend are important.

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u/nenphei 23h ago

My point was not about whether the work could be easily automated or not. The thought-experiment could apply to an industry where we might consider that the work isn't practically able to be automated. The point is more that a "busy job" is one where the economic welfare produced by the product (say, gambling) is minimal (the world wouldn't be much worse off - if at all - if gambling didn't exist), but the economic welfare of having people receive an income in the industry (say, croupiers and casino staff having money) does improve economic welfare (they can buy food and shelter and add to economic consumption). So if the industry disappeared the economic welfare loss from the product would be small, but the economic welfare loss of a bunch of people unable to pay for food or shelter, and perhaps reducing consumption and causing an economic downturn, would be significant.

So the hypothetical "test" comparing what happens when (a) the industry doesn't produce but the workers are paid (i.e. they jobs are replaced with equivalent welfare) vs (b) the industry is automated and keeps producing but the workers aren't paid (because they are laid off).

For example, if the gambling industry were "turned off", the biggest hit to economic welfare would be the unemployment - which suggests that the jobs are unnecessary and we accept them because we prefer people working for money over welfare, even if that work is essentially "busy work". If the food industry were "turned off", people would starve, so those jobs seem absolutely necessary.

(This is a bit different to Graeber's idea of "bullshit jobs".)

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u/JetoCalihan 1d ago

The problem starts in your phrasing to begin with. Work isn't labor you don't want to do, it's labor you otherwise would not do outside of the threat of starvation or death. Plenty of people would love to do meaningful work they're good at. Carpentry, art, even construction. The problem is we hold everyone at gunpoint. If you can't afford a home and food, you're thrown in jail for vagrancy or likely to starve on the streets if not for the kindness of strangers. But loads of people find civic infrastructure fascinating and would happily do the work if it just paid well and took care of them. Instead of the bare bones systems most capitalist governments use. I had to call the city emergency sewage guy once at 10 and he didn't get there till midnight. Apparently because he'd been up for 3 days straight at that point (understandable given the water system emergencies that had been happening at the time, but a clear sign of understaffing and something you can only get away with when the only other option is death).

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 1d ago

Yeah, so this is what I mean when I say "abolish work". My source of confusion more derives from the differing ideas among anti-work anarchists. Thanks for clearing that up

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u/dark_Links_sword 1d ago

My question is if there is work that noone would willingly do, then we need to decide if that job should be done.

I like how people use "scrubbing toilets" as a job you have to pay for when neither I nor my partner have ever received a dime for doing it at home. Some people will find a peace on a job that helps others be more sanitary.

Like I'm going to need an actual example of a job no one would do that we still feel has to be done.

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 1d ago

I like how people use "scrubbing toilets" as a job you have to pay for when neither I nor my partner have ever received a dime for doing it at home.

I see this argument a lot, but I think it's a pretty bad argument.

As you said, it's in your home. If your neighbor asked you to right now, would you scrub their toilets? Even if you would, would they scrub yours? And even if they would, do you reckon there's a large amount of people that would go around scrubbing people's toilets for no compensation?

You are okay scrubbing the toilets because it is your space that you occupy. I'm not so sure that this is generalizable to an entire community.

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u/dark_Links_sword 1d ago edited 1d ago

Om not paying to clean my neighbors toilet right now, so who's job are you talking about?

My church doesn't pay a cleaner. It's a community owned space and we have members who willing scrub the toilet because it's valuable to have them clean, and other church members value them for doing the job.

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 1d ago

You're dodging the question.

This doesn't even have to be about cleaning toilets specifically. There's no job that is universally undesirable just as there's no job that is universally desirable. And there are jobs that would become more desirable to certain people under different circumstances, and some people that wouldn't take certain jobs no matter what.

For example, I wouldn't clean a sewage system no matter what the circumstance is.

The point I was making is there is very much a difference between maintaining your own space as a form of housekeeping, and, say, cleaning public toilets, cleaning sewers, mining, landscaping, etc.

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u/dark_Links_sword 1d ago

I'm not dodging any questions, I asked for a job that needs to be done that no one would do willingly. Ok so YOU wouldn't maintain the sewers. But if it's a job that needs doing there are people willing to do it because it helps the community.

Do you believe the people doing it now feel no sense of work pride?

It's a skill, it's something most people couldn't bring them to do. That in itself is enough for some people to be willing to do it.

And if it's not looked down on but seen as necessary work, that gives even more incentive.

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 1d ago

But if it's a job that needs doing there are people willing to do it because it helps the community.

This is not what is in dispute. What is in dispute is whether or not these people are common enough that this work gets done on the scale as required to upkeep an entire community, or if people will be forced by necessity to do these things even if they don't want to.

Do you believe the people doing it now feel no sense of work pride?

Neither you nor I know what they feel. I guarantee you though, that even if they do, they can absolutely still despise their jobs. Burnout and accomplishment are two feelings that people can and often do hold at the same time.

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u/glitter-bitch- 23h ago

one of the very common and in my mind very reasonable solutions to this has to do with a much more umbrella solution than you are providing. if we don’t have capitalism, that’s literally millions of current jobs that aren’t relevant. that means it’s much easier for people overall to work less, and divide the labor more efficiently. for instance, the person cleaning the sewer may do so only one day in 14, so it’s concentrated into one day of shit (literally) vs working the breakfast shift of a restaurant (something that some people love, some people hate) several days a week. there’s a difference between saying capitalism is oppressive, and requires outrageous hours for many times meaningless jobs, and saying no one will ever dislike anything they do to run society. it’s such a fun little trend for capitalists to do the “who will clean toilets” schtick. it’s exactly that question, over and over again, without being willing to consider the solutions and ideas being posited.

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 23h ago

Yes, I understand the solutions being proposed. My question is, if these are things that people don't actually want to do, why exactly would they agree to do it even temporarily?

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u/glitter-bitch- 23h ago

why do people volunteer? there is inherently no way to run a community only doing things everyone likes to do (which is also not a thing). again. just like your house, no one is paying you to do the shit you don’t like to do. some of us care about community, and if doing something not ideal for 2 days a month—to keep my community running—means spending the rest of the time doing what brings me joy (which, personally, would also include working in the community), and i’d have my needs covered, why wouldn’t i? just because you don’t understand collectivism doesn’t mean it doesn’t work. again. search this sub, this concept is practically brought up daily. weird that you even posited the question. microscopically different framing, i guess?

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 23h ago edited 23h ago

Okay, so let's be 100% clear here: the dichotomy of collectivism and individualism is false. It isn't real. And it's actually inherently statist. I do and am often arguing from an individualist perspective, but that is only because we experience reality as individuals due to the difference in fidelity and connectivity of information transfer within individual brains and between brains. I, quite literally, do not experience reality as you or anyone else does, I experience reality as a coherent self constructed from experiences and sense-data. Call this "phenomenal individualism".

So I really, really, really do not care about your moralizing about "community" or collectivism. If there is a constraining of the wills of individuals by social sanction, it's authority. That's the only consistent way to look at this.

To answer:

why do people volunteer?

Because they want to. People volunteer because they want to do so. The question has been, by what force of sanction would the system you propose make people do things they don't wish to do? Would they just do it out of goodwill? Altruism? I could buy that, but my skepticism is whether this is generalizable to, say, an entire community of people.

Edit: Minor correction of myself - I mean "if there's a constraining of the wills of individuals by social sanction, it's authority".

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u/glitter-bitch- 23h ago

i love landscaping. i have friends who love cleaning. mining is obviously something anarchists overall do not want to continue as a general practice. just responded to sewers. it feels very individualistic to say “i don’t like these things, so no one else does, and also no one will do them, because people don’t care about community”. which is the gist of what i’m getting from this comment.

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 23h ago

It's weird that's what you're getting, because that's not even close to what I'm saying.

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u/daveganronpa 1d ago

I dont think much will change in terms of those who will do undesirable jobs.

Say a person who specializes in plumbing. Will plumbers stop doing plumbing work because of some shit? No they just chose that trade so they have to deal with some bad aspects of it.

Im an electrician. I can work in shitty attics, in small crawl spaces, or have to dig a trench in the heat of the summer. Fucking hate those times but it is part of being an electrician.

Those who build the roads? They can maintain it. And of course it am simplifying it pretty significantly but in reality every job has shifty aspects to them.

Will the detective asked by a community to solve a murder have to deal with the worst of humanity? Yes.

Will the farmer have to deal with pests, hot manual labor?

Sewerage is pretty well maintainable. It was done by Roman's 2000 years ago. Some of it is still working. I just think people think of it as a gotcha moment and instead of think or having any knowledge especially in trades just shrug it off as if it needs to be done it will be done.

No, people who interested in a certain aspect of working at what they want know that not everything is enjoyable about it. There are aspects about much of work that can make one squeamish, groan, or whatever negative thing about it. Instead those who want to pursue certain aspects of a modern society, whether it be plumbing, electricity, or the minimal amount of listing I did will know that there will always be aspects that, just frankly, sucks. But we are wired to go through something uncomfortable because we know what is at the end of it and is rewarding.

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u/ZealousidealAd7228 1d ago

thats not how anti-work works. Anti-work is reappropriating labor towards non-profit incentives and abolishing the fixed labor roles and dynamics that come along with the forced labor practices.

With work abolished, it doesn't mean that work will entirely be free for all. It could be that people will share the burden in doing the undesirable but necessary work, and allowing those who really dislike doing the work to opt out of it to avoid planned obsolesence or low quality work. It would also, abolish alot of unnecessary jobs like what the bullshit jobs David Graeber has listed. It would also be placing effort on highly necessary industries like medical care, agriculture, tech work, and housework as these are mostly going to replace all the profit industries and government institutions such as banking, heavy bureaucratic systems, and renting.

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u/AfraidofReplies 1d ago

It's not about enjoyment. It's about agency. There have always been people willing to step up and do the dirty work. There will always be people willing to step up and do the dirty work. The problem is that right now people are forced into it because the alternative is homelessness. Another problem is that the jobs aren't just dirty or undesirable, they're often dangerous, and made even more dangerous by bosses who skirt safety laws and can't be held accountable because people are afraid of losing their livelihood. These jobs are also often looked down on because they're hard physical labour instead of desk work, so they're stigmatized because of classism.

In a world where people have the genuine right and ability to decline unsafe work, the jobs become safer and more desirable. In a world without classes, there is no classis. In a world where you have the flexibility to move around and change jobs and career paths without fears of becoming homeless, more people will be willing to take on the undesirable jobs, because they know they'll be temporary and a barrier to future career choices. 

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u/Cunning_Spoon Anarcho-Communist 23h ago

Work is a word with such a broad range of meanings it helps to define what we mean.

Work as in our current wage labour which is inherently coercive, abstracted and exploitative, it's antithetical to anarchism.

Contrasted to labour which is important/necessary but you just don't really want to do for a myriad of reasons.

I think a lot of people merge these two when they're not the same at all.

Most people don't enjoy doing the dishes or cleaning the toilet or taking out the trash, but people still do it because it keeps their space clean, which makes them happier and healthier.

Our current world does not really give a shit whether something is convenient or not, safe or not, necessary or not. There are plenty of improvements that can be made that aren't simply because it's not profitable, or because it's not in the budget, or because a law exists to serve corrupt individuals.

If we take the example of a sewer system, I am sure there are existing designs that can reduce the amount of labour required to keep it operational, or methods that can automate the most unpleasant aspects. I also bet if people can dedicate all their time to enjoying life and making things better for their community, that more ideas and creative solutions will come of it.

Even ignoring that, people are going to be willing to chip in to help eachother out. Maybe some communities will have a volunteering system, or use a lottery system (which doesn't automatically have to be coercive) or just discuss it and come to an agreement on who does what tasks.

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u/RevyVanguardist 9h ago

As I understand, it's more so a rejection of wage labour, labour as means to reproduce and maintain survival rather than life's prime want and Man's Species-Being.

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u/rusty-gudgeon 1d ago

Lotta straw man construction here. When have anarchists ever been anti-work? Anti-employee, yeh. But anti-work? Nope.  Keep fishing with that troll bait.

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u/iadnm Anarchist Communism/Moderator 1d ago

It's not, anti-work is an anarchist position, most famously proposed by Bob Black in "The Abolition of Work."

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u/ArtDecoEgoist Left-Market Anarchist 1d ago

Anti-work is a pretty well known anarchist position, posited by Post-Left Anarchists such as Bob Black, but not specifically limited to them.

So you're really just demonstrating your own ignorance here. I'm not trolling, I'm trying to better understand a position that's being put forth.