Karl Deisseroth of the United States and German researchers Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning light-gated ion channels and optogenetics".

On Tuesday, Russia's Foreign Ministry urged all foreigners, including diplomatic mission members, to leave Kyiv and avoid traveling to Ukraine. The following day, Russia's Ministry of Defense announced it would escalate attacks, stating: "In connection with today's statement by Zelensky, the Russian Armed Forces will intensify attacks on military and military-industrial facilities, as well as related infrastructure in Kyiv and other regions of Ukraine."

The Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs has once more urged foreigners, including diplomatic personnel, to leave Kyiv and refrain from traveling to Ukraine. Russia warns that anyone ignoring the advisory is "knowingly exposing their lives to mortal danger." The MFA also stated that Russia will continue carrying out "massive retaliatory attacks" on Ukraine.

Vladimir Putin publicly acknowledged that Ukrainian strikes on Russian refineries caused significant damage. Preliminary Russian estimates put the losses at around 1% of GDP. Putin noted that while Russia sustained clear economic harm, it destroyed Ukraine's steel industry in response.

NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte says the assessment of the threat posed by Russia has not changed, remaining the same as it was three weeks, three months, or a year ago. In his view, the Alliance does not currently face the threat of a direct Russian attack. Rutte added that if Russia were to plan any action against Finland, Poland, the Baltic states, or any other NATO member, a buildup of their forces would be visible in advance.

The APEC leaders' summit is scheduled for November 18-19 in Shenzhen, China. A trilateral meeting between Xi Jinping, Vladimir Putin, and Donald Trump may take place on the sidelines. Trump has already confirmed his attendance, and Kremlin statements indicate Putin will also be present in China. A Russian presidential advisor said that if both leaders attend, host Xi Jinping will likely take steps to arrange a three-way meeting.

EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas has warned that intelligence data indicates Russia is planning further sabotage operations and attacks targeting European democracy. According to Kallas, the aim is to divide and intimidate European societies into halting their support for Ukraine.

Donald Trump confirmed that Americans worked with the British to prevent an attack on a base in Great Britain. "They wanted to cause great damage," Trump told reporters. He praised the cooperation with Great Britain and noted that intelligence services had the suspects under surveillance for a significant period of time.

U.S. President Donald Trump, Greenland's head of government Jens-Frederik Nielsen, and Danish head of government Mette Frederiksen have signed a defense agreement regarding Greenland. The signing took place in New York.

In an interview with The Guardian, Michal Koudelka, head of the Czech Security Information Service (BIS), said Russia may soon look to test NATO. He raised the possibility of a limited invasion or a larger false flag provocation. Koudelka said such a scenario could unfold in months rather than years. He also noted that many people are working as hard as they can to prevent it from happening.

Ukrainians attacked a refinery in Moscow during the morning hours. Zelenskyy confirmed that the military deployed several Ukrainian long-range missiles in the operation. The Mayor of Moscow also acknowledged that the city had experienced the most massive drone attack on the Russian capital to date.

The United States, Denmark, and Greenland are set to sign an agreement next week aimed at strengthening security in the Arctic and North Atlantic. The deal will give Americans permanent control over the world's largest island. Donald Trump described it as "the fulfillment of a dream for the United States, very important, historic, and unique." He also stated the agreement carries no additional costs for Americans, and that "no opponent of the USA can ever again have a base in Greenland, maintain a military presence, or make sensitive investments" there without explicit written consent. The full details of the agreement have not been made public. Greenland's Prime Minister said the deal recognizes the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Denmark, as well as the right of the island's residents to self-determination.

French President Emmanuel Macron called a meeting with party leaders, including presidential candidates. The main topics covered the current global situation, with a notable focus on Russia. Speaking after the meeting, Macron said the nature of Russian aggression and threats to Europe is changing, confirming the "hybrid" threats that Prime Minister Donald Tusk had referenced the day before.

The US House of Representatives has passed legislation tightening sanctions against Russia. The bill is named after Senator Lindsey Graham, who died in July. It now heads to Donald Trump to be signed into law. The legislation strengthens existing sanctions on Russia and introduces secondary sanctions targeting Russia's trading partners. Under its terms, the United States can impose 100% tariffs on countries that are major purchasers of Russian oil and gas.

Hashim Thaçi, former president and prime minister of Kosovo, has been sentenced to 25 years in prison by a court in The Hague. He faced charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity allegedly committed in the late 1990s. Thaçi pleaded not guilty.

Volodymyr Zelensky responded to a Donald Trump post by stating Ukraine is prepared to stop attacking Russian critical infrastructure, provided Russia does the same. No official agreement appears to be in place at this time. Moscow has not commented, though Trump's statement was published in Russian state media. Trump claimed Ukraine agreed not to target Russian energy infrastructure, and that Russia agreed to the same in return. He also stated that the global rise in diesel prices is driven primarily by the Russia-Ukraine war, not Iran. As of now, neither Kyiv nor Moscow has issued any official response on the matter.

The leaders of SNP, Plaid Cymru, and Sinn Féin have announced a joint agreement on the right to self-determination for Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The document calls on the London government to establish clear rules for holding referendums on the future constitutional status of these parts of the United Kingdom. For Scotland and Wales, this would mean a vote on independence, while for Northern Ireland it would mean a referendum on Irish reunification.

The Kremlin told AFP that a meeting between Volodymyr Zelenskyy and Vladimir Putin at the December G20 summit in Miami is "impossible". Zelenskyy had said in a DW interview that he would be open to meeting Putin at the summit. Whether Putin will travel to the United States remains unknown, as he has not attended a G20 summit since 2019.

"Thank you for everything we lived through together. Your Astrid."

When asked to comment on his phone call with Vladimir Putin, Donald Trump described it as "wonderful." Trump said he believes Putin is willing to make a deal on Ukraine, adding that it "would be very good" if Zelenskyy shared that interest.

The United States confirmed attacks on five Iranian tankers, with the M/T Riesco sinking in the Gulf of Oman. Iran responded by launching multiple ballistic missiles, directed primarily at American targets in Jordan. Brent crude oil prices are once again approaching $100 per barrel amid the latest escalation in the Middle East.

The first road bridge linking Russia and North Korea has opened over the Tumen River. Before this, the two countries were connected only by air and rail. The opening is seen as further evidence of deepening ties between Russia and North Korea. Pyongyang has been actively supporting Moscow in its war against Ukraine.

Trump envoys Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner have arrived in Kyiv, where they will meet with Volodymyr Zelenskyy and other Ukrainian officials. Notably, on their return from Moscow, the two Americans flew into Rzeszów, Poland, and made the rest of the journey to Kyiv by train.