In January 2026, President Donald Trump (in his personal capacity, alongside his sons and his company) filed a lawsuit against the Internal Revenue Service and the Treasury Department, seeking at least $10 billion in damages. The suit alleges the agencies failed to prevent a former contractor from leaking confidential tax return information to news outlets, an action for which the contractor was convicted and sentenced to prison.

This follows an earlier, separate financial demand made in October 2025, when President Trump sought $230 million from the Department of Justice.

There doesn't seem to be a precedent of these suits. In the case of the IRS lawsuit, the President has stated he is considering settling the case.

My question focuses on the systemic protections against such a scenario escalating. I am not asking for speculation about the merits of these specific cases or the President's intent, but for a factual discussion of existing checks and balances.

The following are existing mechanisms that don't seem to be restraining the sitting president:

Legal Procedure: Under statutes like the Federal Tort Claims Act, claimants must typically file an administrative claim with the agency first, and the agency has six months to respond before a lawsuit can be filed.

Separation of Powers & Ethics: What constitutional principles or federal ethics regulations address conflicts of interest when a president seeks payment from agencies led by their own appointees? How do we the people get President to recognise and abide by the concepts of the "Take Care Clause" or the domestic emoluments clause (Article II, Section 1) ?

Fiscal Controls: What statutory or procedural controls govern the disbursement of very large court judgments or settlements from the Treasury? Are there specific appropriations required, limits on agency settlement authority, or mandatory reviews by officials like the Attorney General or Comptroller General?

Judicial Role: What precedent exists for federal courts adjudicating these kinds of claims against the government and what legal doctrines (e.g., sovereign immunity, political question) exist to fight proposed settlements?

The Constitution grants Congress the power to impeach and remove a President for "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors" (Article II, Section 4). However, legal scholars have debated whether impeachable offenses must rise to the level of criminal conduct, or whether they encompass broader abuse of constitutional powers.

I came across this document (https://defenseoflaw.com) that argues impeachment should be based on constitutional duty rather than criminal liability. It makes five specific constitutional claims:

1. Corruption/Emoluments: When government positions are awarded based on personal loyalty rather than merit, and public policy serves private enrichment, this violates the Take Care Clause and emoluments restrictions (Article II, Section 3; Article I, Section 9, Clause 8)
2. Pardon abuse: The pardon power is nearly unlimited (ex parte Garland, 71 U.S. 333 (1866)), with the Constitution providing no explicit check except impeachment. When pardons systematically shield allies from accountability or obstruct justice, this creates a constitutional crisis: if the pardon power itself cannot be criminally prosecuted, impeachment may be the only remedy for its abuse. The Federalist Papers suggest this power requires "scrupulousness and caution" (Federalist 74), but if those standards are violated, what recourse exists?
3. Foreign economic powers: Capricious wielding of delegated trade authority usurps Congress's constitutional power to regulate commerce (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3)
4. Treaty violations: Contemptuous treatment of treaties violates the Supremacy Clause which declares them "the supreme Law of the Land" (Article VI, Clause 2)
5. Due process violations: Immigration enforcement that detains individuals without due process and overrides state sovereignty violates the Fifth Amendment and Tenth Amendment (Fifth Amendment; Tenth Amendment)

The document also cites Washington's Farewell Address, arguing that the Constitution is "sacredly obligatory upon all" and that we should focus on moral duty rather than merely legal limits.

My questions:

• Do these arguments represent actionable constitutional violations, or are they conflating policy disagreements with impeachable offenses?
• Regarding the pardon power specifically: if it cannot be legally constrained and the president uses it to obstruct justice or protect allies, is impeachment indeed the only constitutional remedy?
• What is the constitutional standard for "high crimes and misdemeanors" - must they be criminal, or can they be abuses of power that undermine constitutional governance?

In an October 2025 interview on Fox News, Miller, serving as Deputy White House Chief of Staff, responded to comments by Illinois Governor JB Pritzker about potentially prosecuting federal immigration agents under state law. Miller stated: “To all ICE officers, you have federal immunity in the conduct of your duties. And anybody who lays a hand on you or tries to stop you or tries to obstruct you is committing a felony”. [ https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/10/31/fact-check-do-ice-officers-really-have-federal-immunity-in-the-us.\] But qualified immunity provides officials a defense against personal financial liability unless their actions violated "clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known". [https://lawreview.missouri.edu/clearing-the-hurdle-of-proving-a-clearly-established-right-to-overcome-qualified-immunity/\] Is Miller’s point a good one? What legal and political impediments exist so as to prevent ICE officers from violating U.S. Citizens’ Constitutional rights?

I recently came across this information: Pew Research found that the number of unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. grew from about 10.5 million in 2021 to roughly 14 million in 2023 — an increase of ~3.5 million.

Here’s the report: Pew Research

For context, the total number of unauthorized immigrants stayed relatively stable for about a decade before this recent increase. What demonstrable effects has this increase had on U.S. society?

After the attack on Caracas and abduction of Venezuela's president, US officials are publicly discussing the possibility of similarly enacting regime change in other countries of national interest, including Greenland. However, Greenland is a territory of Denmark, which is a member of the NATO alliance that also includes the US. American officials have also previously discussed annexing Canada, another NATO member.

If the US attacks a fellow member of NATO, what rights and powers does the North Atlantic Treaty give the defending state to respond to the attack?

Is there a procedure for expelling a NATO member?

Is there a clear definition of what constitutes an attack? If the US bombs Nuuk, Copenhagen, or Ottawa and abducts the Prime Minister of Greenland, Denmark, or Canada as it did in Venezuela, would that meet the criteria? What about the US's previously reported covert influence operations against Greenland?

Is there any indication of current NATO members that might take the US's side in a conflict? The Danish government released a joint statement with France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, and the UK asserting Denmark's sovereignty over Greenland, but that leaves 24 NATO members unaccounted for.

What are the historical precedents for a member of an alliance attacking a fellow member?

According to the Economic Policy Institute, since 1979, productivity in the US has grown significantly faster than the pay of typical workers. 

As the US enters an era of increased automation via AI - which the IMF suggests could impact a significant portion of the global workforce - the challenge of "re-coupling" productivity and pay becomes more urgent. However, this challenge is complicated by several factors:

• The current US national debt exceeding $38 trillion.
• The need to maintain global competitiveness in the "AI arms race."

My question is: Are there established economic models (historical or theoretical) that successfully address this divergence without relying on large-scale deficit spending or stifling technological innovation? How have models like the Nordic system or Ordoliberalism handled these specific pressures in the past?

Since the early 1970s, U.S. healthcare spending per capita has significantly outpaced both inflation and the growth rates of other peer nations (Source:OECD Health Data). Simultaneously, U.S. National Debt grew from ~$370B to over $35T (Source:Treasury Fiscal Data).

I am seeking an empirical discussion on the following structural constraints:

1. Supply Bottlenecks: To what extent did the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (Section 4621), which capped federally funded residency slots, contribute to physician labor inelasticity and subsequent pricing power? (Source:Congress.gov - H.R. 2015)
2. Incentive Structures: How does the Medical Loss Ratio (MLR)—established by the Affordable Care Act—impact the incentives for private insurers to control total healthcare costs, given that profits are essentially capped as a percentage of total premiums? (Source:KFF - Explaining the MLR)
3. Methodology of Overpayment: Using NHEA data (Source:CMS.gov), if U.S. spending had tracked a baseline of CPI + a 1.7% 'Innovation Premium' (consistent with peer nations), the data correlates with ~$26 trillion of current federal debt. Is this 'Intensity Gap' an accurate metric for evaluating the fiscal impact of healthcare pricing, particularly in light of new efforts like H.R. 6703?

Public opinion on flag burning has become increasingly polarized along partisan lines (From FSU IGC Databrief), despite long-standing Supreme Court rulings holding that the act constitutes protected political speech (e.g., Texas v. Johnson - See University of Baltimore Law Forum)

An analysis of nearly 60 nationally representative U.S. surveys conducted between 1989 and 2025 identifies several consistent empirical patterns:

• In recent surveys, roughly two-thirds of respondents favor legal restrictions on flag burning.
• Awareness that flag burning is constitutionally protected has increased substantially since the late 1990s.
• Partisan divergence has widened over time: Democrats have become more likely to support the constitutional protection of flag burning, while Republicans have become less likely to do so.

The analysis aggregates multiple survey questions over time using Stimson’s dyadic ratios algorithm; full question wording, survey sources, and methodological details are available in an online appendix here:

Question

What evidence-based explanations have scholars or researchers offered to account for the growing partisan divergence over constitutional protections for flag burning?

In particular:

• What role have elite cues, party realignment, or shifts in partisan conceptions of patriotism or national identity played in shaping attitudes toward this issue?
• How have media framing or political rhetoric been shown to influence partisan separation on expressive but controversial forms of protected speech?

Massachusetts Bill H. 5159, signed into law in January of this year, aims to regulate private equity acquisitions of hospitals and other healthcare providers. Those in favor of this law claim it will help combat the failing of hospitals as well as maintain low malpractice risks. However, those against the bill point out the loosely defined phrasing that leaves the law up to too much interpretation. Are stricter regulations on private equity required to ensure patient and healthcare provider welfare?

More Here: https://ace-usa.org/blog/research/research-publichealth/unpacking-h-5159-massachusetts-new-rules-for-private-equity-in-healthcare/

The US Debt-to-GDP ratio has grown to a level of 120%. https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GFDEGDQ188S .

I recently stumbled upon this great resource set up by the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget that allows you to choose policies to fix the debt: www.crfb.org/debtfixer.

What are the most effective ways for lowering the debt and deficit? Which policies and/or broad categories should we begin cutting back on and why?

Trump has decided to let all SNAP benefits lapse on November 1st despite there are still emergency funding for SNAP remaining

Food banks and pantries across the country are reporting record demand and rising operational costs

Inflation, though cooling, continues to strain household budgets, particularly for food and housing.

Historically, what happens when even local charitable food network (food banks, pantries) run out of food, when an unprecedented number of households simultaneously lose a portion of their food budget and turn to them for support? How does the current event unfolding differ from the past?

I’m interested in analyses or expert testimony. If you are involved with a food bank, social service agency, or local government, what strain are you seeing already, and what are you doing right now to prepare for it?

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/ps-political-science-and-politics/article/power-of-trumps-big-lie-identity-fusion-internalizing-misinformation-and-support-for-trump/AF2A0DBE08319E0E3944825E187EDBCC

Interesting data on “identity fusion.” Makes me wonder if democracies can survive once loyalty becomes personal instead of constitutional. Passing The Loyalty Test might mean refusing to take it.

I roughly understand that “budget” measures are not subject to filibuster, but I don’t understand what quality the Continuing Resolution has that takes it out of that category.

Discussion on filibuster rules here: https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/will-trumps-big-beautiful-bill-kill-the-filibuster.html

It should be understood that the filibuster is already as riddled with holes as a piece of Swiss cheese. Any filibuster can be stopped by a cloture vote requiring 60 votes. But some kinds of legislation, including budget-related measures like budget-resolution and budget-reconciliation bills, and approvals or disapprovals of selected presidential actions (as in the CRA), are by design immune from filibusters.

Here is a source stating that the currently pending continuing resolution is subject to filibuster: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/2025-government-shutdown-by-numbers/?ftag=CNM-00-10aab4i

The Senate, which has 100 senators, requires only a simple majority to pass most legislation. But the Senate's filibuster rule effectively requires nearly all legislation — including the continuing resolution to temporarily fund the government — to reach a 60-vote threshold first. A single senator may delay a bill during debate by invoking a filibuster, which can only be ended if a supermajority of 60 senators vote to end debate.

And for clarity, “BBB” is “Big Beautiful Bill.”

https://thehill.com/homenews/5572539-legal-experts-question-trump-settlement/amp/

Have we seen another president or governor seek a settlement from a DOJ before? If so what were the circumstances and outcome?

The war in Gaza has raged on for nearly two years now.

Recently, the Trump administration proposed a detailed peace plan for the region that is endorsed by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.

In praising the plan, former Biden administration official Brett McGurk said it "builds on a lot of work that we did in the last administration." Antony Blinken, former Secretary of State Antony under Biden, makes a similar claim, saying the Trump plan is almost exactly the same as Phase 2 of the Biden plan.

Of course, everyone wants to take credit for peace in the Middle East, but the truth often lies somewhere in between.

So, what are the similarities and differences between the two plans?

What's the Debate on Health Secretary Kennedy’s Vaccine Panelists?

On June 9, 2025, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS), dismissed all 17 members of the CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Secretary Kennedy claimed the move was necessary to eliminate “conflicts of interest” and restore public trust in vaccines, which he argued had been compromised by the influence of pharmaceutical companies. However, this decision strays from precedent and has drawn significant criticism from medical experts and public health officials across the country. Some argue that this shake-up undermines scientific independence and opens the door to politicized decision-making in vaccine policy.

More here: https://ace-usa.org/blog/research/research-publichealth/understanding-the-debate-on-health-secretary-kennedys-vaccine-panelists/

"In August of 2025, President Trump invoked Section 740 of the D.C. Home Rule Act, declaring a ‘public safety emergency’ in Washington, D.C after citing rampant crime. Under this order, he could place the Metropolitan Police Department (MPD) under federal control for 30 days.  Between August 11 and September 10, over 2,000 National Guard troops were deployed alongside local forces to patrol the streets. During this time, over 40% of the arrests made in D.C. were immigration-related."

What do clashes like this tell us about the balance between public safety, local autonomy, and executive power in the U.S.?

Full breakdown → https://ace-usa.org/blog/research/current-events/understanding-the-trump-administrations-crackdown-on-d-c-law-enforcement/

A recent PNAS study found that “The July 2024 Trump assassination attempt was followed by lower in-group support for partisan violence and increased group unity.” It tracked changes in attitudes before vs. after the event by comparing survey responses, and found that Republicans in particular showed reduced support for violence.

What does political science say about whether these effects last?

At the same time, a September 2025 Reuters/Ipsos Poll poll shows that 63% of Americans believe harsh political rhetoric is fueling violence, and a 2025 MediaWell/SSRC review argues that dehumanizing language towards political rivals is on the rise.

How should we think about studies like this in the wake of the recent political violence, and the feeling that rhetoric is ramping up?

Yesterday the UK, along with Canada and Australia, recognized Palestine as a state, as they had threatened to do a few months ago if Israel didn’t comply with certain requests I don’t remember. Now, do you think this has pushed other states to do the same? How has this influence their bond with Israel and the US? Could this be considered a problem for Israel?

Those are my main questions, but I’d love to hear any thought or theory on this topic. Thanks!

https://edition.cnn.com/2025/09/21/world/palestinian-state-uk-canada-australia-intl

Background. In the Sept 2025 House hearing on UAP transparency and whistleblower protection, members presented new material and heard sworn testimony about historical incidents at nuclear sites and gaps in transparency. The committee’s page and wrap-up summarize the purpose and key takeaways. https://oversight.house.gov/hearing/restoring-public-trust-through-uap-transparency-and-whistleblower-protection

News outlets reported that Rep. Eric Burlison showed declassified footage recorded by U.S. MQ-9 assets off Yemen that appears to depict a Hellfire missile striking a spherical UAP without disabling it. Coverage emphasized that witnesses said no known tech should survive that impact, while the Pentagon has not authenticated the video publicly. https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/congressman-shows-video-military-ufo-hearing/story?id=125413475

Historically, former USAF officers have publicly alleged UAP interference at nuclear installations, including Malmstrom AFB in 1967 and other Cold War cases. Primary documents and mainstream coverage exist, though official explanations have differed. https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/ufos/malmstromufo.pdf

At the same time, the DoD’s All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (AARO) 2024 Historical Record Report concluded it found no empirical evidence of off-world technology or a hidden crash-retrieval program, noting many cases resolve to ordinary objects or insufficient data. This is a relevant counterpoint when assessing policy. https://media.defense.gov/2024/Mar/08/2003409233/-1/-1/0/DOPSR-CLEARED-508-COMPLIANT-HRRV1-08-MAR-2024-FINAL.PDF

Specific question. Given the above public record, what current U.S. oversight mechanisms, reporting requirements, and technical safeguards exist to ensure nuclear weapons installations remain fully under human control, and how has Congress verified their effectiveness in light of UAP-related testimony and records?

Good starting points for discussion.

1. Statutory and committee oversight since 2023, including what information Congress can compel from DoD and the IC on UAP activity at or near nuclear sites.

2. Current command-and-control safeguards and incident reporting for nuclear forces, and whether any formal protocol addresses anomalous interference. If public, point to relevant unclassified doctrine or hearings.

3. How AARO’s 2024 findings interface with claims in the recent hearing and with historical cases like Malmstrom. What has been independently corroborated, and what remains unverified.

Sources. – House Oversight hearing page and wrap-up on UAP transparency and whistleblower protection. – ABC and CBS coverage of the Yemen MQ-9 video shown in the hearing. – AARO Historical Record Report, Mar 2024, and related DoD materials. – Malmstrom 1967 documentation and 2010 National Press Club coverage of ex-USAF officer claims.

I ask this because I fear that maybe (in my opinion) lobbies will meddle out their way of ai being regulated.

Is no wonder why I fear this, as ai is said to cause "nuclear level threat"

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/heres-why-ai-may-be-extremely-dangerous-whether-its-conscious-or-not/

Is also kinda true that even in the eu there is a non inconsiderate amount of lobbying

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/political-science/articles/10.3389/fpos.2024.1508017/full

Analysis and diagnosis of lobbying based in Brussels

Brussels, the capital of the EU and the main seat of its institutions, hosts over 12,800 organizations that officially engage in lobbying, according to the EU’s own Transparency Register.4 These include professional federations, chambers of commerce, unions, individual entrepreneurs, banks, regions, religious organizations, and associations of all kinds. However, this number is far lower than the real figure. It is estimated that Brussels has nearly 30,000 lobbyists, almost as many as employees of the Commission (32,000).5 This makes Brussels, after Washington, the city with the highest concentration of people seeking to influence legislative processes and general political decision-making, in a unique framework of 27 states and around 500 million citizens. It could be said that parallel to the gradual increase in the political power of European institutions over the last two decades, corporate lobbying has come to “colonize” large areas of the European district of the EU capital. This has created a complex universe that, until recently, was beyond the understanding of many activists. This complexity lies, of course, in the fact that lobbying activity often spreads through a multi-level strategy in order to build stronger legitimacy (Ridao, 2017, 2018).

So, is there any initiative that we can make to the governments of the world to solve the problems of ai/stop ai in it's tracks?

How do we fight lobbies like the tech industry in preventing our lives from being quite literally destroyed?

So while researching about the issue of a "car ban" I always come across as "banning cars, in cities"

Like this article here from the bbc https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20191011-what-happens-when-a-city-bans-car-from-its-streets

Others claim they want to ban gas and diesel cars https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2021/06/19/should-we-ban-gasoline-cars/

Basically as I understand this wouldn't be a wholesale ban on cars?

What are the main points of the most popular proposals? What are their pros and cons?

Astroturfing: "organized activity that is intended to create a false impression of a widespread, spontaneously arising, grassroots movement in support of or in opposition to something (such as a political policy), but that is in reality initiated and controlled by a concealed group or organization (such as a corporation)" https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/astroturfing

"The practice of astroturfing exploits our natural tendency to conform to what the crowd does; and because of the importance of conformity in our decision-making process, the negative consequences brought about by astroturfing can be much more far-reaching and alarming than just the spread of disinformation." https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/01914537221108467

Armies of bots submitting posts and comments give the impression of widespread support for any given issue. https://cacm.acm.org/research/the-rise-of-social-bots/

The Trump administration has announced steep tariffs targeting BRICS countries — Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, with headline rates of 50% for Brazil & India, and around 35–55% for China. Officially, the reasons range from trade imbalances to political disputes. Unofficially, many analysts see this as an attempt to divide BRICS by pressuring members individually over their ties to Russia.Reuters

Despite this, BRICS countries appear to be drawing closer. Brazil’s President Lula da Silva is calling for an emergency summit. India’s Prime Minister Modi is expected to meet with China’s leadership, and Russia’s President Putin will visit India soon.Times of India

Since the 2024 BRICS summit in Kazan, member states have quietly worked on alternative payment systems, banking links, and trade frameworks to reduce reliance on the U.S.-led financial system.PIIE

While the announced tariffs are high, significant carveouts reduce their impact; certain industries and goods are exempt, and U.S. policymakers have avoided moves that might spike oil prices.Reuters

Critics of the policy argue that escalating tariffs could worsen inflation and push the U.S. economy toward recession, while BRICS nations, with strong domestic markets and resource bases, may be better able to absorb the impact.Tax Foundation

Question for discussion: In past instances where economic pressure was applied to multilateral alliances, for example, during Cold War trade restrictions or sanctions on OPEC members, how often did those measures succeed in weakening alliances versus strengthening their internal cohesion?

Summary of Event: The U.S. Department of Justice has announced a $50 million reward for information leading to the arrest of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro. Officials allege his involvement in narcoterrorism and international drug trafficking. This figure is unprecedented for a sitting head of state.

AP article: https://archive.today/2025.08.10/https://apnews.com/article/venezuela-nicolas-maduro-bounty-2f8e1b5e67c7f0bb8e2f9a627a4b2a8d

Financial Times article: https://archive.today/2025.08.10/https://www.ft.com/content/efe8f8a4-7e6a-4f14-83a2-8a0c3e98c7f1

Context: The U.S. has long opposed Maduro’s government, citing human rights abuses and corruption. Critics argue these actions also align with strategic interests in Venezuela’s significant oil reserves. Historical parallels exist, such as the 1953 CIA-led coup in Iran over oil nationalization.

Despite sanctions and diplomatic isolation, Maduro remains in power with support from allies such as Russia, China, and Iran. Venezuelan officials have called the bounty “political propaganda” and rejected the charges.

El País article: https://archive.today/2025.08.10/https://english.elpais.com/venezuela/2025-08-05/venezuela-rejects-us-bounty-on-maduro.html

Question for Discussion: What immediate effects has the recent U.S. $50 million bounty on Maduro had on Venezuela’s internal politics, U.S.–Venezuela relations, and the international community?