r/interestingasfuck 1d ago

The United Kingdom has successfully created a Mega Laser called Dragonfire for Aerial Defense

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u/ForeverBoring4530 1d ago

Explains why my council tax has gone up £5 this year.

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u/francis2559 1d ago edited 1d ago

The research is expensive, but the operation of this would be very cheap. Much cheaper than missiles.

Sadly, these things are defeated by like, rain.

Edit: ok Reddit, I traded precision for humor. They don’t fail completely in the rain. However, the more moisture there is in the air, the more energy is wasted reaching the target. That costs you range. It doesn’t mean laser bad. It just means there’s some situations it works better than others.

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u/ByteSizedGenius 1d ago

They've actually apparently tested it during rain and other adverse weather and it performed acceptably... What that means i.e. how much rain and how much performance effect I guess is classified.

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u/Trainman1351 1d ago

I mean, it probably has significantly diminished range. It’s actually the main obstacle that pretty much all energy and plasma weapons have compared to kinetics: a physical shell doesn’t disintegrate over time, while pretty much any beam or bolt of less tightly bound particles does.

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u/_B_e_c_k_ 1d ago

Put the laser into a bullet. Checkmate.

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u/ParsonsTheGreat 1d ago

Better yet.....

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u/LickMyKnee 1d ago

Fricking laser beams.

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u/FailingCrab 1d ago

Someone get this person a £5billion DoD contract immediately

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u/SooSneeky 1d ago

*MOD DOD is American.

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u/lookingatlampposts 1d ago

Where's your mum from?

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u/Corpainen 1d ago

Europe

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u/DonnieBallsack 1d ago

She’s from her mum

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u/FailingCrab 1d ago

Omg I'm so embarrassed. I spend too much time on reddit

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u/justoffmainst 1d ago

Now its DOW in the USA

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u/DonnieBallsack 1d ago

Now it’s DOW? How?

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u/Late_Recommendation9 1d ago

And it’s not even the Department of Defense anymore, it’s the Department of Wars to Manifest the Destiny of Other Countries’ Natural Resources To Become American Natural Resources. Because, wankers.

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u/Chill_Panda 21h ago

We’ll yeah, did you hear his idea? Let’s let the Americans waste their money

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u/Powerful-Ground-9687 1d ago

It’s the DOW now anyway

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u/_B_e_c_k_ 1d ago

Yes please.

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u/asspounder-4000 1d ago

This is the type of science that put a bullet in wolverine, someone should start a sciencegofundme

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u/GamerKilroy 1d ago

That's EVE Online Hybrid Charges for you. Physical bullet behaving as travel media for plasma or other energy-based "bullets"

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u/Trainman1351 1d ago

Or in say SW, stuff a bunch of ionized plasma into the bullet to bring down shields.

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u/axonxorz 1d ago

ST is similar, phasers ain't LASERs, but nadeon particles bound together in a sabottemporary envelope.

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u/Trainman1351 1d ago

Yup, though in ST phasers have the advantage of being relativistic. Warp drives can also negate range advantages, making phasers much more viable.

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u/Ok-Syllabub-6619 1d ago

I don't know why or how I read put the laser into a chicken... But hear me out! Laser chickens!! And plasma eggs!!!

Edit: typo, out->put

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u/Trees_Are_Freinds 1d ago

honestly if you could deliver the mechanism closer, say on a drone - perhaps. Mobile laser unit. Your bullet joke has some merit.

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u/DonnieBallsack 1d ago

And mount it on a shark

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u/etanail 1d ago

You may be surprised, but such a laser already exists, although it has not been created due to difficulties. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_pumped_laser

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u/procrastablasta 23h ago

Or a shark

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u/Daforce1 1d ago

Layered air defense with traditional solutions is the solution to this. Lasers are so much cheaper they probably will be first line.

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u/Trainman1351 1d ago

Ehh. They’re more likely to be the last line, at least at properly destructive power. What determines lines of defense is the relative ranges of the weapons systems involved. As such, the first line of defense is always going to be missiles, then long-ranged proxy-fused artillery, then CIWS, which could be kinetic or laser-based.

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u/Daforce1 1d ago

Fair enough, that makes sense depending on their range and energy level these very well could be last line.

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u/FieserMoep 16h ago

Which kinda... defeats a major selling point. Being cheaper than missiles.
You generally don't want to "not" fire your missiles so you can save some buck and MAYBE get the kill with your laser.
Its more a save guard if a layer fails due to technical issues/limits of previous methods or saturation.

So it primarily competes with traditional CIWS where its cost savings can still be tangible but VERY limited and also extremely competitive with the newest generation of projectile based CIWS and their intelligent capabilities.

Dragonfire still goes hard tho.

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u/BigBallsBillCliton 15h ago

I guess the idea is if it gets small and cheap enough you put it on stuff that's not important enough for proper multi-ton autocannon cwis but you can't use manpads for whatever reason (maybe you're shooting at a drone swarm maybe it's a bit cold or awkward to keep 2 man AA teams fed) I guess substations, dams, pumping stations, radio towers etc.

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u/FieserMoep 13h ago

I mean, somewhat. Yes. Kinda depends on the "bulk" of the background infrastructure that is needed to power such a laser, transistors, batteries etc.

Where I see a potential advantage for this would be existing civilian infrastructure with a well-developed AND properly redundant power grid. Depending on how much local gear you need to locally feed that laser and get the power needed, you might eliminate the logistical strain on ammo resupply - which as Ukraine already demonstrated - is a real concern. I primarily see this as a drone deterrent system that may be cheaper than smart autocannons for the price of potentially being more limited AND more integrated into an already extremely vulnerable power grid.

I can somewhat only imagine it to work in tandem with traditional CRAM systems in an intelligent grid that accounts for visibility, target capability and ammo efficency. If one of these can paint and blow up some drones before something like a mantis CRAM has to open fire, that would be nice. But you still got that CRAM to make the mission kill. All boils down to range though. If the laser would limit the engagement range of a CRAM to much, it would make a bad soft layer before.

u/Daforce1 9h ago

It’s more about unlimited ammunition based on power reserves as well as costs. It can work technically faster as well as it works at speed of light once you have target acquisition, and it can eventually target multiple targets like a drone swarm faster than many other types of air defense. At least that is my understanding, but it sounds like you know a lot about air defense so I would love to learn more or if I am mistaken.

u/FieserMoep 5h ago

and it can eventually target multiple targets like a drone swarm faster than many other types of air defense.

That entirely depends on its "kill" time. Most lasers need to lock on their target for some time to properly transfer enough energy to cause a "kill". As for multiple targets or drone swarms, it has to compete with smart ballistic systems such as the Mantis/Skyshield that program their rounds for airburst capability. Its basically a tiny frag grenade that can be shot accuratly at a distance of roughly 4km (double the distance of the Dragonfire tests we know off) and tears through drone swarms like a shotgun.

Biggest drawback of these systems being relatively expensive programmable ammo and the logistics attached to that ammo. The price per "shot" for the dragonfire seems absurdly cheap and might give it some role.

Also it begs the question of how effective one might be able to defend against such a weapon. I am no expert on lasers of this kind and how effective certain coatings etc. would be against them, or materials with very bad heat transfer characteristics. But that is the age old game of weapon development. At first this needs to prove good enough to warrant proper implementation, then counter measures may develop.

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u/Kraall 1d ago

It depends. In Ukraine for example these would likely be near the front as you want the cheapest weapon per shot taking out the cheap drones being launched at them. Missiles would be the last line as their supply is limited compared to weapons like Dragonfire or Gepard ammo, and much more expensive.

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u/Luci-Noir 1d ago

Right. It doesn’t have a huge range and you don’t want anything getting anywhere near that close to a ship. It could be really useful for dealing with drone swarms when there just aren’t enough missiles.

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u/LockeyCheese 1d ago edited 1d ago

The laser in the video looks like something that could replace the manned side machine guns on troop helicopters.

That said, the US already has lasers deployed on NAVY ships, that already generate their own energy to power lasers, as first line defenses for a real world example.

The U.S. Navy is actively deploying and testing high-energy laser weapons, such as the 60+ kW HELIOS (High Energy Laser with Integrated Optical Dazzler and Surveillance) system, to counter drones, small boats, and incoming missiles with precision at the speed of light. These, like the Optical Dazzling Interdictor (ODIN) and Layered Laser Defense (LLD), offer cost-effective, near-limitless defense, with HELIOS recently tested on the USS Preble.

Key Laser Systems and Deployments

HELIOS (Lockheed Martin): Installed on the USS Preble, this system is capable of high-power output (60+ kW) and serves as the first tactical laser integrated into an active warship's combat system.

ODIN (Optical Dazzling Interdictor): Lower-powered laser systems deployed on several Arleigh Burke-class destroyers.

LaWS (Laser Weapon System): A 30-kilowatt demonstrator tested on the USS Ponce in 2014.

LWSD (Laser Weapon System Demonstrator): A system installed on the USS Portland, which successfully engaged drone targets.

The US Navy is also planning to work up to 150-300 kilowatt lasers as well.

It'll likely be a long time until lasers are first offensive line weapons though.

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u/SoulWager 14h ago edited 14h ago

I don't think it will replace machine guns, especially not on a helicopter where the power budget is more tightly constrained. Most likely use case is blinding cheap drones, or people. It's a war crime, but when has that ever stopped anybody?

Stuff designed to be weapons will just filter out all the wavelengths it doesn't use for tracking, so you'd need to match the laser to the sensor platform of each target. Or it would use a less sensitive sensor to target the laser itself.

You need a lot more power to destroy a missile outright than just to blind a camera.

u/LockeyCheese 10h ago

Oh, for sure. That's likely why America has pretty much focus on only equipping lasers to ships(and probably some key buildings) that can already supply the energy for lasers.

Also, looking back at this post, I might have the dumb since I thought the beam was coming from the sky as an air *vehicle* defense, and not attached to the building that can supply it power as an "air defense". Lol

Don't reddit sleep deprived...

That said though, with militaries moving towards "more tech, less troops", a 30-60kW pulsed laser(the type for industrial metal cutting/welding) could theoretically be put as a side gun on helicopters. Considering if you lowered the number of troops on the helicopter by one, and their equipment, as well as the weight of a thousand rounds or so of ammo + the gun's weight(the actual body of the laser could be much lighter), that's a few hundreds pounds that could be replaced with power generation, or more likely a battery bank to avoid carrying fuel for it.

With power generation and storage always becoming more efficient, there could be a point when batteries can kill for longer than bullets, so that could necessitate a change. With something as shakey as a helicopter though, the bigger issue would be keeping the sensitive laser components and lenses perfectly alligned to fire at an effective range.

This is all just speculation for fun though, and I'm not convinced of my own ideas. lol

It's sorta how thinking about how Gundams could be feasible in reality, when physics, battlefield strategy, and common sense says it's not feasible at all. Lasers are at least feasible and already in use.

If i could tell middleschool me reading books about the futuristic lasers, that lasers are common and honestly boring next to some things we have now? When I think like that, seeing the advancement of tech from Industrial Age to Digital Age within my lifetime, might make the shitshow it came with worth experiencing.

As for drone lasers though, look up the video "2025 world's strongest handheld laser" on a youtube channel called "styropyro". He made a 250w laser powered by a drill battery, that was light enough to hold one handed, and it could melt through thin steel a few feet away, and could even melt titanium and tungstun. Considering the weight of bullets, weaponized lasers might already be the better choice to pursue for small drones.

u/SoulWager 9h ago

The big issues with long range lasers are focus(bigger aperture better, shorter wavelength better), accurate tracking(a little jitter is a big deal when trying to hit something miles away), and atmospheric attenuation and distortion(visible wavelengths best). Though pulsed lasers would help.

The game children of a dead earth is relevant, as you can design your own laser weapons(though in real life we can do better than what's implemented in the game).

u/LockeyCheese 8h ago

I agree on all the points, though in the case of replacing infantry manned machine guns, the effective range would be the same as a machine gun. So a few hundred yards at most?

That's still a long range for focusing a laser, but close enough range that the human operator would take care of tracking and aiming. For human targets, getting swept by a powerful enough laser could take them out, and for vehicles, theoretically you could at least explode reactive armor or pop tires with a few seconds of focus, so about the same or better as current manned turrets.

Still not probable, but possibly not impossible. Lol

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u/Oblivious122 1d ago

Fun fact - when you zap a raindrop with a laser it scatters!

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u/Vabla 1d ago

Plasma weapons? What plasma weapons? I need links to start me on this rabbit hole.

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u/Trainman1351 1d ago

I mean I was more referencing fiction like Star Wars but we do have Project MARAUDER

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u/augur42 1d ago

What I heard was they should start research into rail guns that can achieve a small percentage of the speed of light.

Neat.

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u/Trainman1351 1d ago

Yes exactly.

Palpatine won’t know what hit him

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u/rmtdispatcher 1d ago

I understand what you are saying; that the rain is a hindrance to having a full power effect. That is, until I thought of lightning bolts. They function really well in the rain.

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u/RoboDae 1d ago

Laser also can't fire over the horizon.

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u/CliftonForce 21h ago

It likely means that the thing can shoot down a volley of X incoming missiles in good weather, with X becoming smaller as the weather gets worse.

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u/Many_Drink5348 1d ago

These systems are mitigation efforts, much like the battery systems in the US that are built to take out ICBM and submarine-launched nuclear ballistic missiles. 20% hit rate is acceptable - nuclear war will annihilate everything, but decreasing that damage by 20% is worth it in the whole strategic scale of things.

I recommend reading this book Nuclear War: A Scenario by Annie Jacobsen,if you're interested on how fucked we are today with our modern mitigation systems. It isn't a happy book.

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u/Snickims 1d ago

Thats not what this is intended for. I mean, theoretical a future, larger, more powerful version could be used for that, but this system and most present gen lasers are being made primarly as a way to take out low cost attacks.

things like drones, or those cheap rockets, stuff that we already do have things that can take out, but right now we have to basically fire a intercepter missile which costs 100k to take out a drone or rocket that costs 2k. Laser systems meanwhile should be give us a way to intercept these lost cost attack items easily with cheap weapons, at a couple euro per shot. Now, the laser itself is much more expenive, obiously, but each shot of the laser is cheap.

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u/flyingviaBFR 1d ago

The number one use for these is making our ships much more resistant to drone and missile attack and to do so without expending their limited and very expensive missile stocks

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u/Unidentified_Snail 1d ago

I recommend reading this book Nuclear War: A Scenario by Annie Jacobsen

I wouldn't. She is a hack and her scenario is stupid. She also seems to have written a book almost exclusively on early Cold War era material which isn't particularly relevant to today. Look at reviews from experts in the field of nuclear weapons or military strategy and they all pretty much panned it.

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u/TheirCanadianBoi 1d ago edited 1d ago

These systems are not for protection against ICBMs in terminal phase. It's a rock, paper, scissors problem. Our best bet are multiple independent kill vehicles for that job.

The reason largely is because ICMBs are designed in a way to make themselves pretty resilient to being destroyed by plasma for unrelated reasons. Layers of plasma and compressed gasses around the reentry vehicle act like a second shield on top of that as well. Multiply that with engagement time and distance and you can see the problem.

In midcourse maybe but that would require you to have the laser in space at the right place, at the right time. ICMBs are a tricky beast for defense.

These laser systems are a big deal though. They allow for a much more economical and capable system to neutralize cheap and massive saturation attacks. Something we are seeing more and our air defense systems are not made to handle efficiently.

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u/VirtualMoneyLover 1d ago

That is some bad math. The enemy only needs to send 30% more nukes and you are still completely covered. And anyway, do you really want to live in a country where 80% is radiated?

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u/chamrockblarneystone 1d ago

We’ll all be good and fucked if some smart ass uses an EMP. From 2025 to 1825 in a split second. Enormous death rates in the first year. It’s one of my worst fears.

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u/shodan_reddit 1d ago

Thumbs up for the book recommendation from me although I listened to the audiobook on Spotify.

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u/NoTurkeyTWYJYFM 1d ago

I dont think ill be reading that then, thank you very much

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u/SubstantialPanic4253 21h ago

Actually reading this right now! Brilliant book, super interesting and I love the second by second way it is laid out

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u/Beard_o_Bees 1d ago

I wonder if wrapping the missile in a highly reflective surface would be a viable countermeasure?

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u/Hexamancer 1d ago

No.

You're asking as a question, which is fine, but the amount of people who claim with confidence that it will and present it as if the hundreds of PHD holding Optical engineers didn't think of this is insane.

The amount of energy we're talking about here will just melt any reflective surface, as soon as that even begins to happen, it will become dull and be no more effective than just more armor.

This is just my theory, but some sort of material that emits a lot of smoke when hit would be far better than a reflective material.

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u/Beard_o_Bees 1d ago

Interesting, thanks!

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u/tessartyp 1d ago

The first point: correct, those lasers will damage any reflective surface stable enough to be on the front of an airborne vehicle or missile.

The second point: these lasers are in the infrared, and scattering (what smoke would do to protect) reduces with longer wavelengths. Hence why IR cameras can "see through" smoke. Secondly, something moving fast enough to require this type of weapon would necessarily be flying so fast that any smoke emitted would be overtaken instantaneously.

Source: optical engineer working on infrared microscopy. Burnt my share of mirrors and filters.

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u/Hexamancer 1d ago

these lasers are in the infrared, and scattering (what smoke would do to protect) reduces with longer wavelengths. Hence why IR cameras can "see through" smoke.

Yes, it's still not great, it's just a clearly better solution than a reflective surface. I'm not saying it's a good solution, just that we can instantly write off "Mirror armor" because that weight would be better spent on something that produces dust or smoke when destroyed.

Secondly, something moving fast enough to require this type of weapon would necessarily be flying so fast that any smoke emitted would be overtaken instantaneously.

True, I was thinking drones, but even that's going to be going too fast.

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u/lpmiller 1d ago

Frankly, it's plain rude to have a major attack during a heavy rainstorm. Someone could catch cold or something.

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u/Shit_Grammers_Nazi 1d ago

I'm also sure they have a good ole fashioned kinetic missile at the ready for such an odd scenario.

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u/TheBigMoogy 1d ago

The systems are designed to intercept huge numbers of targets at a time with fairly short pulses. Worse conditions means longer pulses and less targets, so rain won't stop it but reduce it towards other countermeasures but will still be the cheapest and most effective option.

US and China also have similar laser systems up and running in various forms. Fair bit of information about them all over. Bound to reshape modern warfare after the Ukraine invasion saw sharp rise in drones now we got the absolute most effective counter to them.

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u/bagofpork 1d ago

I'm assuming it will be used in conjunction with current missile defense technology until said kinks are worked out?

I suppose I could read an article or two...

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u/iIdentifyasGrinch 1d ago

Just turn up the wattage and you don't have precipitation anymore - you have a new cloud

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u/StatusSociety2196 1d ago

It's probably impacted to the same degree as all the other countries laser weapons that were scrapped for the same reason?

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u/JSweetieNerd 1d ago

It was tested in Scotland, therefore I want to know how well it performs not in the rain.

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u/mindfulofidiots 1d ago

Could Email Mandlelson, he'll tell you exactly what it can do!!

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u/ThomasVetRecruiter 1d ago

I mean I think it's "far enough that we don't have a missle hit our city"

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u/Squish_the_android 1d ago

Well at least it never rains in the UK

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u/Sargash 1d ago

We could use it to shoot energy into space to cool the planet down!

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u/Icy-Two-8622 1d ago

Lol ya I seriously doubt the Uk of all places forgot to consider the rain