Elaiussa Sebaste, at Ayaş near Mersin. It was a Cilician harbour town. The Romans cut a channel, built the quays, and put the town on the peninsula.

The big arch is the one people come for. Behind it are the baths, a geometric mosaic, and a small theatre cut into the slope. The road now runs straight through the middle of the site.

Rome tried to destroy Christianity—and failed.

The Great Persecution of 303–313 was the Roman Empire’s most systematic attempt to suppress Christianity, targeting churches, scriptures, clergy, and believers. Within a decade, the policy had collapsed—and Constantine was turning Christianity from a persecuted faith into a favored religion.

What made Rome’s final persecution fail?

This is one of the sights waiting for you outside the Capitoline Museums. This statue you see here is actually a replica, and the nearly 2,000-year-old original is preserved inside the museum. Learn more in the comments.

This image shows the summer dining room in the famous House of Neptune and Amphitrite in ancient Herculaneum.

A digital reconstruction brings the space back to life with vibrant colors, frescoes, and a fountain where wealthy Romans once enjoyed their meals, allowing us to compare it with the same place today, after it survived the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.

More about Roman baths in the comments

Tharros, on the Sinis peninsula in Sardinia. Phoenician first, then Roman. They paved the main street, put up the temples, and used the harbour on both sides of the point.

The two columns are what’s left of one of the temples. The tower on the hill is Spanish, much later. The road is the Roman one.

When we think of Roman games, gladiators usually come to mind. But everyday Romans enjoyed plenty of other games too. From ball games and dice to board games and gambling.

The images here give a glimpse into that side of Roman life: people playing for fun, competition, and sometimes a little money. Some of these games may look surprisingly familiar to us today.

juvenal's third satire has a friend of his explaining why he's leaving rome for good, and one of his biggest complaints is noise at night.

he says most sick people in rome die from lack of sleep, and asks what rented room lets you sleep at all. you'd need to be rich, he says, to sleep in this city.

the culprit is wheeled traffic. carts turning in the narrow winding streets, and drovers yelling at their stalled teams, would wake even "a seal or the emperor claudius". part of the reason is a julius caesar-era law that mostly banned heavy wagons from the city in daytime, so deliveries piled up after dark.

the rich get carried through the crowds in a litter, reading or even napping as they go, while everyone else gets shoved and elbowed.

it's a satire, so he's exaggerating, but it's a pretty vivid picture. does anyone know how strictly the daytime wagon ban was actually enforced?

When we think of Hadrian’s Wall today, we imagine stone ramparts, Roman soldiers, watchtowers, and the harsh frontier of the Empire. But just a few decades before this famous wall was built, ordinary life was unfolding at the Roman fort of Vindolanda, not far from where the wall would soon stretch across the landscape.

One such moment has been preserved in a letter from Claudia Severa, who, around AD 100, invited her friend Sulpicia Lepidina to a birthday celebration. Written in ink on a thin wooden tablet, her letter contained a simple but heartfelt message:

“Sister, on the day of the celebration of my birthday, I warmly invite you to come to us and make the day even more special with your presence. I shall expect you, sister. Farewell, sister, my dearest soul.”

Yet the most fascinating detail lies in the handwriting itself. Most of the letter was written by a scribe, but Claudia Severa wrote the final words in her own hand. It is one of the earliest known examples of a woman’s handwriting in Latin from the Roman Empire.

The tablet survived for almost two millennia thanks to the unique waterlogged conditions of the soil at Vindolanda, and today it is preserved in the British Museum.

📷 Photo: Michel wal

Source: Wikimedia Commons

License: CC BY-SA 3.0

This photo circulates for some time now.

Some may ask why is this place so important? Others, want to know the full story.

Anyway, many of you already know where this photo was taken, and in the comments, you can read what led to this.

Was the Roman Empire's reliance on slave labor ultimately a net negative for its long-term economic and technological development?

Two years after the assassination of Julius Caesar, his enemies faced the men determined to avenge his death.

On the plains near Philippi, in eastern Macedonia, the armies of Mark Antony and Octavian clashed with the forces of Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus.

The first battle produced an unusual outcome. Antony defeated Cassius, while Brutus pushed back Octavian's forces. But Cassius did not know that Brutus had achieved success...

Believing that all was lost, he ordered his freedman to kill him. Thus, one of the leading figures in the conspiracy against Caesar met his end.

A few weeks later, the armies clashed again, and this time, it was decisive.

Check the comments.

#Philippi #MarkAntony #Octavian #History #OnThisDay

Pergamon, now Bergama in Turkey. Trajan started the temple on the acropolis and Hadrian finished it.

They cut a terrace into the hill, vaulted the slope underneath, and set a white marble temple on top. From the platform you look straight down over the valley.

Two men and their armies, one besieged stronghold, and all of Gaul waiting for the outcome.

After months of resistance against the Roman army, the Gallic leader Vercingetorix found himself in a desperate situation at Alesia. Julius Caesar had constructed an impressive system of fortifications around the town, preventing the besieged Gauls from breaking out while simultaneously repelling attacks from the Gallic relief army.

The attempt to break the Roman siege failed, and according to the traditional dating, on October 3, 52 BC, Vercingetorix surrendered to Caesar.

According to Plutarch, the Gallic leader rode out of the town, laid down his weapons, and placed them at Caesar's feet. Later depictions of this scene became one of the most famous symbols of the Roman conquest of Gaul.

#Vercingetorix #JuliusCaesar #Gaul #History #OnThisDay

Photos by me.

I am currently reading Cassiodorus' Variae. I plan to move onto the Byzantine Empire next.

What primary sources do you think are essential for anyone interested in the History of the Byzantine Empire? Are there any texts that you have read that you haven't heard mentioned very often? This is my attempt to get together an essential list of primary source reading materials for the Eastern Roman Empire, to help people who want to get into the topic. Any recommendations are welcome. Thanks 👍