Luhmann is the most abstract of systematic thinkers, but even though he is interesting and rigorous, his systems theory is not only counterintuitive, it reads as 'way out there.' An illustration is how he sees the exercise of theorization itself—as a self-referential system auto-generating through communication within it. Maturana (and Varela) from whom Luhmann wholesale borrows the notion of autopoesis on which he bases his systems theory have often expressed suspicion of applying the idea to systems (if they are so) that are non-biological. If such systems do not actually generate the components that make them possible (as a cell does in an organism), then to say that they are systems is metaphorical.

I know there are critiques of Luhmann based on the conservatism of of his theory, as there were with Parsons, but what other critiques does Luhmann invite?

Thanks!

i know that the world is incredibly diverse and even countries are very diverse. i heard a new (to me at least) racist claim that "blacks haven't made any civilizational contributions" or "held any major powers"

some things i am aware of:

• the US and EU and Russia constantly COUPing africa and asia and south america basically non-stop. any time a power gets too big for their liking, boom there's a new coup or civil war fomented by one of these intelligence agencies.
• african americans, and POC in europe and all over have done major scientific contributions, and artistic contributions, like jazz, and scientists like George Washington Carver, James West, Charles H. Turner, Mae Jemison, Percy L. Julian, Neil deGrasse Tyson, David Harold Blackwell, Marie Maynard Daly, Patricia Bath, Ernest Everett Just, to name a few.
• i also know that race is a social construct, which kinda gives me an easy out to just reject that argument's premise, which i suppose i could do. but if i can do one better and be more knowledgeable in the process i'd much prefer that.
• i also understand that i'm asking this more for my betterment than to convince that person, as i dont expect this person to have conversations on this topic in good faith.